Clare History: James Patrick "The O'Gorman Mahon": His Early Life and Influences by Declan Barron

Notes

1 Richard Lalor Sheil. Sketches Legal and Political (London, 1855), Vol.2. p. 275.

2 Anonymous (signed 'K'). 'The O'Gorman Mahon, MP' in The Clongownian (Dublin, 1898) (hereafter The Clongownian), Vol. II. pp. 11-14; The Clare Journal (hereafter C. J.) 18 June 1891.

3 The Clongownian. Vol. II. p. 14.

4 Dr. Cullen. 'Proposed line for a Ship Canal, Part I' in Debow's Review, Agricultural, commercial industrial progress and resources (New Orleans, 1868), Vol. 5, Issue 6. p. 559; The Clare Journal 22 September 1859.

5 The Clongownian, Vol. II. p. 14.

6 C. J. 13 June 1867.

7 The Clongownian. Vol. II. p. 14.

8 Kieran Sheedy. The Clare Elections (Ennis, 1993), p. 249;.The Clongownian, Vol. II. p. 14.

9 The Clongownian, Vol. II. p. 15.

10 ibid.

11 C. J. 5 February 1798.

12 Michael Lysaght. Brief History of the O'Gorman family, 9 January 1861. (National Library of Ireland, The Dunboyne Cuttings, Mss 3321-79). (hereafter Lysaght, 1861).

13 Denis McNamara. 'The O'Gorman Mahon' in Barefield National School Centenary 1895 - 1995 (Ennis, 1995), p. 131.

14 C. J. 22 May 1879; Miles V. Ronan. 'The Mac Gormans of Ui Brecane' in Molua 1938 (Dublin, 1938), p. 7.

15 Michael Lysaght Brief History of O'Gorman Mahon's family, 6 December 1860. (National Library of Ireland, The Dunboyne Cuttings, Mss 3321-79). (hereafter Lysaght, 1860).

16 Kevin Whelan An 'Underground Gentry? Catholic Middlemen in Eighteenth-Century Ireland' in Irish Popular Culture 1650-1850 (Dublin, 1998), pp. 121 and 135.

17 Abstracts from the will of Edmond Mahon, 1794, (National Archives, Thrift Abstracts, No. 1659). A full copy of this will does not seem to have survived. This would have given a better insight into the wealth he accumulated.

18 Sheehan Newspaper abstracts, (Ms. in possession of Eric Shaw, Clare Hill, Clarecastle, Co. Clare).; Lysaght, 1860. Although Lysaght claims William's brother built this house I would think it is more likely William's father as William's brother died in 1794 and would seem to have been too young to have prospered in farming before building this house in 1828.

19 Ordnance Survey Name Books. The Parish of Kilmaley. The structure of the present house, two main stories with a converted attic getting light from the gable-ends, is the same as in the time Patrick lived here. The house is about four and a half miles from Ennis, near the village of Kilmaley.

20 Abstracts from the will of Edmond Mahon, 1794, (National Archives, Thrift Abstracts, No. 1659); The General Advertiser or Limerick Gazette. 7 January 1820.

21 Registry of Deeds. Deed No. 156091; Ennis Chronicle (hereafter E. Ch.) 13 November 1794.

22 E. Ch. 12 August 1802.

23 Denis Gwynn. The O'Gorman Mahon: duellist, adventurer and politician (London, 1934), pp. 31-2. This Edmond, like his mother before him, before reaching the age of twenty-one, eloped to Scotland, with Margaret, daughter of a nearby landlord by the name of Westropp Ross-Lewin of Cornfield House, Ballynacally. They were married in Port Patrick, Wigtown, Scotland on the fourteenth of November 1801. After Edmond attained seniority the couple returned home to claim his inheritance and went to reside at Carnelly House, near Clarecastle. In 1800, before eloping, Edmond had started studying law at the King's Inns, Dublin, but did not return to complete his studies.
While living at Carnelly house Edmond wasted away his inheritance partying and entertaining guests, so much so that he had to leave there and return to Snugville. In 1810 we find him at Snugville and it was here that during James Patrick Mahon's teenage years, Edmond, his wife Margaret, and their children, Edmond jnr., William and Margaret, (James's second cousins), were living.
Lysaght, 1860; Sir Bernard Burke. A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Landed Gentry of Ireland (London, 1912), p. 402. (hereafter Burke, Landed Gentry); Port Patrick Parish records supplied by a descendant, Timothy Homer. Td4homer@kingston.net ; Edward Keane. (ed.) King's Inns admission papers 1607-1867 (Dublin, 1982), p. 322; C. J. 19 December 1910; E. Ch. 23 August 1828; C. J. 16 November 1835; C. J. 25 September 1837.

24 Will of Edmond Mahon, 1794, (National Archives, Thrift Abstracts, No. 1659).

25 Lysaght, 1860. William had also at least two daughters, one married a Mr. O'Gorman, a merchant from Kilrush and another daughter, Bridget, married William Considine, of ' Capragarane ', they had a son, Mortagh Considine, an Excise Officer, who was dismissed from his job and had to leave the country. Abstracts of the will of Edmond Mahon, 1794, (National Archives, Thrift Abstracts, No. 1659).
'Capragarane' is possibly Cappanagerragh in the parish of Clondegad.

26 The Kenny's were related to the Church of Ireland Mahons. All three families had early leases in adjoining townlands in the parish of Kilmurry-Ibricken. The west side of Mount Callan is in this parish. James's brother, Edmond, married Susanna Mahon. Susanna was a name common to William Mahon's family and Charles in both Mahon families. James had a nephew, Edward, who claimed to have been a relative of The O'Gorman Mahon.
Lysaght, 1860; P. Ryan. History of Kilmurry-Ibricken (Ennis, 1969), p. 50; Stacpoole Kenny papers (National Library of Ireland. Ms.2109), p. 3; C. J. 29 July 1833.

27 Lysaght, 1860; James Frost. The History and Topography of The County of Clare (Dublin, 1893) p. 632.

28 Genealogy of MacGorman (no date). (National Library of Ireland. MacGorman Papers Ms 2709) Folio No. 170; Burke, Landed Gentry. p. 530.

29 Oliver MacDonagh. The Hereditary Bondsman, Daniel O'Connell 1775-1829 (London,1988), p. 311; Lysaght, 9 January 1861; Brian McDermot. (ed.). The Catholic Question in Ireland & England 1798-1822, The Papers of Denys Scully (Dublin, 1988), p. 701.

30 Burke, Landed Gentry, p. 530; John D'Alton. King James's Irish Army List (Dublin, 1855), pp. 242-3.

31 Lysaght, 1861; Denis Gwynn. The O'Gorman Mahon: duellist, adventurer and politician (London, 1934), p. 34.

32 Bartlett. Fall and Rise, p. 46.

33 Tim Kelly. Ennis in the Nineteenth Century (MA. Thesis Galway, 1971), p. 206.

34 Burke, Landed Gentry, p. 530; Lysaght, 9 January 1861; Memoranda by Nicholas Smith O'Gorman. (no date), (National Library of Ireland. MacGorman Papers Ms 2709) Folio No. 171.

35 Lysaght, 1861; Lysaght, 1860. James later sold this property to Thomas Crowe. He lived to great age but had none of its proceeds by the time of his death.

36 Robert Herbert. (ed.) Extracts from the Minute Book of the Ennis Volunteers 1778 in North Munster Antiquarian Journal Vol. VI . (Limerick 1952), p. 151; .S. J. Connolly. The Oxford Companion to Irish History (Oxford 1998), p. 581.

37 J. H. Hames. Arthur O'Connor, United Irishman (Cork, 2001), p. 39.

38 Connolly, The Oxford Companion, pp. 74 and 567; W. E. H. Lecky. A History of Ireland in the Eighteenth Century (London, 1972), pp. 236-7; Notes on Newpark House and the Mahon family by Fr. Senan Hedderman, The Friary, Ennis.

39 E. Ch. 29 September 1788.

40 C. J. 21 March 1895.

41 McDermot., The Papers of Denys Scully , p. 701.

42 Introduction to James O'Gorman. The Practice of Angling (Dublin, 1845), Reprinted by Bath Press Ltd., Bath, 1993.

43 Alfred Molony. History of Lodge No. 60 (Masonic Archives. Ms in Folder 2 of 3); Connolly. The Oxford Companion, p. 207.

44 Introduction to O'Gorman. The Practice of Angling.

45 MacDonagh. The Hereditary Bondsman, p. 311.

46 F. E. Dixon. The Dublin Tailors and their Hall (Dublin, no date) p. 11-12. Reprinted from Dublin Historical Record, Vol. XXII, 1968.

47 ibid. p. 13.

48 C. J. 24 July 1845.

49 Hames. Arthur O'Connor, p. 39; C. J. 24 July 1845.

50 Kieran Sheedy. The United Irishmen of County Clare (Ennis, 1998), p. 12.

51 ibid. pp. 17-8.

52 Kieran Sheedy. 'United Irishmen in County Clare' in The Other Clare (Shannon, 1998), Vol. XXII. pp. 19-20; E. Ch. 12 March 1799.

53 Genealogy of MacGorman (no date). (National Library of Ireland. MacGorman Papers Ms 2709) Folio No. 170; Kieran Sheedy. The United Irishmen of County Clare (Ennis, 1998), p. 19.

54 Kieran Sheedy. The United Irishmen of County Clare (Ennis, 1998), pp. 32-3, 41 and 58; E. Ch. 12 March 1799.

55 C. J. 22 May 1879; The Catholic Times 31 January 1880.

56 Eileen O'Byrne. Convert Rolls 1703-89 (Dublin,1981), p. 190.

57 Thomas P. Power. 'Converts' in Endurance and Emergence, Catholics in Ireland in the Eighteenth Century (Dublin, 1990), p.107.

58 O'Byrne, Convert Rolls, p. 190.

59 Power. Converts in Endurance and Emergence, p.101 and 115-6.

60 Thomas Bartlett. The Fall and Rise of the Irish Nation: The Catholic Question 1690-1830 (Dublin, 1992), pp.23-4.

61 Thomas P. O'Neill. 'Religion, Land and Laws in Eighteenth Century Thomond' in North Munster Antiquarian Journal (Limerick, 1991), Vol.33. p. 82.

62 David Dickson. 'Catholics and Trade in Eighteenth-Century Ireland': An Old Debate Revisited in Endurance and Emergence, Catholics in Ireland in the Eighteenth Century (Dublin, 1990), p. .91.

63 Registry of Deeds. Deed No. 156091.

64 James B. Leslie. Ardfert and Aghadoe; Clergy and Parishes (Dublin, 1940), p. 77.

65 G. O. Burtchaell and T. U. Sadlier. Alumuni Dublinensis (Dublin, 1935), Vol. II. p. 634.

66 Karen J. Harvey. 'The Family Experience: The Bellews of Mount Bellew' Endurance and Emergence, Catholics in Ireland in the Eighteenth Century (Dublin, 1990). p. 187.

67 Harvey. 'The Family Experience' in Irish Popular Culture, p. 187.

68 C. J. 22 May 1879; C. J. 26 January 1885.

69 David Dillon. 'Priests who served in Kilmaley parish' in Kilmaley Parish Magazine 2003 (Ennis, 2003), p. 29.

70 Lysaght,1860.

71 Encumbered Estate Papers. Sale of the Estate of James Patrick O'Gorman Mahon. 30 Nov 1854.

72 Edward Keane. (ed.) King's Inns admission papers 1607-1867 (Dublin 1982), p..323. and confirmed in an anonymous article on The O'Gorman Mahon, MP. in The Clongownian (Dublin,1898), Vol. II. p. 11.

73 Told to Sean Spellissy, author of The Merchants of Ennis (Cork, 1996), by Miss Kerin, Ballyalla, a former resident of No.40. Mill Street.

74 In my work in genealogical research for this period I regularly find that new wives went to the houses of their mothers when giving birth.
E. Ch. 21 June 1806; E. Ch. 23 July 1831; Limerick Reporter 11 May 1847.

75 The Clongownian, Vol. II. p. 11; C. J. 17 March 1890.

76 Lysaght, 1861; E. Ch. 12 July 1828; E. Ch. 10 January 1829; The Times 1 November 1877.

77 C. J. 8 January 1804; E. Ch. 5 April 1809; C. J. 19 December 1910.

78 C. J. 8 March 1804; The National Encyclopaedia (London, circa 1870), Vol. X. pp. 838-41.

79 Thomas Davidson. (ed.) Chambers Twentieth Century Dictionary (London, 1935) , p. 793; Thomas De Moleyns. The Landowner's and Agent's Practical Guide (Dublin, 1872), Sixth Edition. pp. 277-8.

80 C. J. 14 March 1803; C. J. 8 March 1804; C. J. 16 March 1807.

81 C. J. 23 January 1804; C. J. 16 August 1804; C. J. 18 November1805.

82 Patrick O'Farrell quoting Robert Malthus in Edinburgh Review (1808) in England and Ireland since 1800 (London, 1800), p. 134.

83 O'Connell to O'Connell, 12 March 1809 Maurice O'Connell. (ed.) The O'Connell Correspondence 1792-1814 (Shannon, 1972), Vol. I. p. 191.

84 Hely Dutton. Statistical Survey of the County of Clare (Dublin, 1808), pp. 236-7.

85 ibid. pp.236-7

86 Niall Ó Cíosáin. 'The Irish Rogues' in Irish Popular Culture 1650-1850 (Dublin, 1998), pp. 90-2.

87 E. Ch. 5 April 1809; C. J. 12 April 1810; Deed Nos. 131985, 173103 and 360929. (See also Exchequer Bill, Stacpoole v O'Callaghan, 9 August 1850).

88 Voter's list 1776 (National Library of Ireland. Mss. 14,793-5); Encumbered Estate Papers, Sale of the Estate of William Vesey Fitzgerald Hickman, 10 March 1853. During the Hickmans time here Gortlevane and the adjoining townlands of Maghery and Rinegarrane had their names changed to Cappahard and Newpark. James Frost, in his The History and Topography of The County of Clare (Dublin, 1893) p. 435. errs in confusing Gortlevane with Gortleman.

89 Deed No. 228121; Voter's list 1776 (National Library of Ireland. Mss. 14,793-5); Jim Higgins and Susanne Heringklee. (eds.) Monuments of St. Nicholas' Collegiate Church, Galway (Galway, no date, circa 1992), p. 26; E. Ch. 24 January 1791; E. Ch. 1 February 1809; C. J. 18 October 1810.

90 E. Ch. 5 April 1809.

91 Francis J. Litton. 'Reluctant Rebel' in Dal gCais (Miltown Malbay, 1982), p. 7.

92 Ordnance Survey Name Books. Parish of Templemaley. Newpark House has changed radically since. Sometime in the 1840s some of the ceilings were raised, losing a story in the process, the staircase was changed, wings were added and the front façade was stuccoed and castelated. Through local folk memory related to me by my father, Earnan Barron, the story has come down that this work was done after damage received on the night of the Big Wind.

93 Encumbered Estate Papers, Sale of the Estate of William Vesey Fitzgerald Hickman, 10 March 1853.

94 Ordnance Survey Map of County Clare.

95 Arthur Wollaston Hutton. (ed.) Arthur Young's Tour in Ireland 1776-1779 (London, 1892), Vol. I. p.287; James Kelly. The Letters of Lord Chief Baron Edward Willes (Wales, 1990), p. 78.

96 Irish Seed Savers collected samples at Newpark in March 2004.

97 Hutton. Young's Tour, Vol. I. pp.287-8.
Three and a half barrels of apples, each six bushels, make up one hogshead - ibid. p. 417.

98 Dutton. Statistical Survey, pp. 164-5.
.

99 The Ordnance Survey Map of 1840 shows three acres of mature woodlands that would have been there then.

100 Brian Ó Dáiligh. Ennis in the 18th Century - Portrait of an Urban Community (Dublin, 1995), pp. 54-56.

101 Tim Kelly. Ennis in the Nineteenth Century (MA Thesis Galway, 1971), p. 206.

102 Dublin Hibernian Journal 27 July 1787; C. J. 19 December 1910; C. J. 5 May 1803.
It is interesting to note that Barbara, along with her brother, James Mahon, were the executors of James O'Gorman's will - Limerick Chronicle 25 March 1809.

103 C. J. 19 December 1910; Miles V. Ronan. 'The Mac Gormans of Ui Brecane' in Molua 1938 (Dublin, 1938), p.

104 Burke, Landed Gentry. p. 530.

105 C. J. 3 February 1812.

106 Edward Keane. (ed.) King's Inns admission papers 1607-1867 (Dublin, 1982), p. 379; C. J. 21 March 1895.

107 Oliver MacDonagh. The Hereditary Bondsman 1775-1829 (London, 1988), p. 314.

108 E. Ch. 26 April 1806; E. Ch. 27 February 1808.

109 Alfred Molony. History of Lodge No. 60 (Masonic Archives. Ms in Folder 2 of 3).

110 K. Theodore Hoppen. Ireland since 1800: Conflict and Conformity (New York, 1989), pp.13-4.

111 Ignatius Murphy. The Diocese of Killaloe 1800-1850 (Dublin, 1992), p. 22.

112 ibid.

113 E. Ch. 2 April 1806; S. J. Connolly. 'The Catholic Question' in Vaughan, W. E. A New History of Ireland (Oxford, 1989), (hereafter Connolly, The Catholic Question). Vol. V. pp. 31-2.

114 E. Ch. 2 April 1806.

115 E. Ch. 26 April 1806; E. Ch. 11 June 1806.

116 Ignatius Murphy. The Diocese of Killaloe 1800-1850 (Dublin, 1992), pp. 22-3.

117 Connolly, 'The Catholic Question', pp.31-2; E. Ch. 4 September 1808.

118 E. Ch. 17 February 1808.

119 E. Ch. 20 April 1808.

120 E. Ch. 17 February 1808.

121 Connolly, 'The Catholic Question', p. 44.

122 E. Ch. 31 May 1809.

123 C. J. 20 December 1909.

124 Connolly, 'The Catholic Question', pp.44-5.

125 E. Ch. 10 January 1810.

126 E. Ch. 1 September 1810.

127 Mahon to Dunboyne 6 April 1810 (National Library of Ireland, The Dunboyne Cuttings, Mss 3321-79); E. Ch. 8 August 1810; V. T. H. Delaney. The Administration of Justice in Ireland (Dublin, 1962), (Reprinted 1978), p. 25-8.

128 Connolly, 'The Catholic Question', p. 44.

129 ibid.

130 O'Connell to O'Connell, 4 August 1811 in O'Connell, Correspondence of Daniel O'Connell, Vol. I. p. 264.

131 ibid. pp. 263-4.

132 O'Connell, Correspondence, Vol. I. p. 264.

133 E. Ch. 3 December 1811.

134 Connolly, 'The Catholic Question', p. 46.

135 ibid.

136 C. J. 30 January 1812; E. Ch. 11 March 1812; E. Ch. 10 July 1812; E. Ch. 14 October 1812.

137 Connolly, 'The Catholic Question', p. 46; Murphy. The Diocese of Killaloe, p. 23.

138 E. Ch. 2 December 1812; Frost. The History of County Clare, p. 623.

139 MacDonagh. The Hereditary Bondsman, p. 112.

140 ibid. p.113.

141 Connolly, S. J. 'Union Government, 1812-23' in Vaughan, W. E. A New History of Ireland (Oxford, 1989), (hereafter Connolly, 'Union Government'). Vol. V, pp.54-5.

142 C. J. 22 Dec 1913.

143 ibid.

144 C. J. 5 August 1813.

145 C. J. 22 December 1913.

146 C. J. 22 December 1913; C. J. 1 March 1813.

147 C. J. 22 March 1813.

148 C. J. 19 April 1813; MacDonagh. The Hereditary Bondsman, p. 316.

149 C. J. 15 July 1813.

150 ibid.

151 C. J. 21 Dec 1914.

152 ibid.

153 Grand Jury Presentment Book (Ennis, 1814) County at large, No. 55.

154 Crossman, Virginia. Local Government in Nineteenth-century Ireland (Belfast, 1994), p. 28.

155 Sheedy, Kieran. The Clare Elections (Dublin, 1993), p. 118.

156 Crossman. Local Government, pp. 3-4.

157 ibid.

158 O'Connell to Fitzgerald 4 May 1814 (National Library of Ireland, William Vesey Fitzgerald Letter Books, Ms. 7830), p. 222.

159 Connolly, 'Union Government', p.54.

160 Crossman, Local Government, pp. 7-8.

161 Sheedy. The Clare Elections, pp.116-7.

162 Murphy. The Diocese of Killaloe, p. 29.

163 ibid. p. 30; Murphy, Ignatius. 'Priests and Political Activity in Co. Clare 1800-1829' in Dal gCais (Miltown Malbay, 1984), Vol. 7. p. 8.

164 Leslie. Ardfert and Aghadoe, p.77; C. J. 4 May 1848.

165 The Clongownian, Vol. II. p. 11.

166 Gwynn. The O'Gorman Mahon, p. 35-6.

167 The Clongownian, Vol. II. p. 11; William J. Fitzpatrick. History of the Dublin Catholic Cemeteries (Dublin, 1900), p. 180.

168 The Clongownian, Vol. II. p. 11.

169 ibid.

170 Sheil. Sketches, Vol.2, pp. 274-5.

171 O'Connell to O'Connell, 4 August 1816; 5 August 1816; 6 August 1816 (O'Connell. Correspondence, Vol. II. p. 104).

172 Michael McMahon. 'Agrarian Conflict in Clare' 1815-1831 in The Other Clare (Shannon, 1994), Vol. 18 p. 50.

173 ibid.

174 Michael McMahon. 'Ribbonism in County Clare 1815-1831' (MA Thesis, University of Limerick, 2002), p. 80.

175 E. Ch. 25 January 1815.

176 Murphy. The Diocese of Killaloe, pp. 30-1; Delaney. Justice in Ireland, p. 28.

177 McMahon, Michael. George Warburton: County Clare's First Professional Policeman in The Other Clare (Shannon, 2004), pp. 27-8.

178 E. Ch. 13 January 1816; E. Ch. 17 January 1816; E. Ch. 24 February.

179 Richard McMahon. The Court of Petty Sessions in Pre-Famine Galway (MA Thesis. Galway, 1999), pp. 52-3.

180 E. Ch. 17 January 1816. The newspaper does not make it clear as to why this lady needed to be rescued and if she had been abducted.

181 E. Ch. 31 July 1816.

182 E. Ch. 3 August 1816.

183 Hickman to Fitzgerald 20 October 1816 [National Library of Ireland, William Vesey Fitzgerald Letter Books, (hereafter WVF Letter Books), Ms. 7855], p. 98.

184 Sheedy. The Clare Elections, p. 125.

185 Mahon to Hickman 1 June 1817 in Hickman to Fitzgerald 4 June 1817 (WVF. Letter Books, Ms. 7853), p. 237.

186 Hickman to Fitzgerald 4 June 1817 (WVF Letter Books, Ms. 7853), p. 237.

187 Hickman to Fitzgerald 14 June 1817 WVF Letter Books, Ms. 7853), p. 261.

188 O'Connell to O'Connell, 4 August 1816. O'Connell. Correspondence, Vol. II. p. 104.

189 McMahon. Warburton, p. 28.

190 This can be estimated by totalling the land in James Patrick's possession with that of his nephew, Charles George. Encumbered Estate Papers, Sale of the Estate of James Patrick O'Gorman Mahon, 30 Nov 1854; Richard Griffith. General Valuation of Rateable Property in Ireland (Dublin, 1855), Union of Kilrush, Parish of Kilmurry, pp. 48 and 61; Rental of Killard and Strasburgh circa 1824 (University of Chicago Special Collections, O'Gorman Mahon Papers), Folder 1; Ireland, Local Government Board. Return of Owners of Land of one acre or upwards (Dublin, 1876), p. 111.

191 Murphy. The Diocese of Killaloe,, p. 33.

192 Mahon to Hickman 12 June 1817 in Hickman to Fitzgerald 14 June 1817 (WVF Letter Books, Ms. 7853), p. 261.

193 C. J. 30 November 1818.

194 Anonymous to Fitzgerald 14 April 1819 (WVF Letter Books, Ms. 7858), p. 1.

195 Blood to Chief Secretary 1819 (National Archives of Ireland, Chief Secretary's Office Registered Papers, CSO CR 2), Index 258B; Warburton to Chief Secretary 1820 (National Archives of Ireland, Chief Secretary's Office Registered Papers, CSO CR 3), 175M. Only the envelope that contained the inquiry still exists.

196 Anonymous to Fitzgerald 14 April 1819 (WVF Letter Books, Ms. 7858), p. 1.

197 Mahon to Chief Secretary 3 January 1821 (National Archives of Ireland, Chief Secretary's Office Registered Papers, CSO CR 4), 573M.

198 Minutes of evidence taken before the select committee appointed to inquire into the disturbances in Ireland, in the last session of parliament, 13 May-18 June 1824. H.C. 1825 (20) vii. p.80.

199 Mahon to Mahon 10 Sept 1880 (National Library of Ireland, George C. Mahon Papers, Ms 22,230).

200 C. J. 18 October 1819.

201 C. J. 22 Jan 1821; The Dublin Evening Post (hereafter D. E. P.) 1 December 1825; C. J. 26 February 1829; C. J. 2 January 1832.

202 Murphy. The Diocese of Killaloe, p. 68.

203 E. Ch. 15 July1815; E. Ch. 30 November 1816; MacDonagh. The Hereditary Bondsman, p. 161.

204 Sheedy. The Clare Elections, p. 121.

205 MacDonagh. The Hereditary Bondsman, pp. 161-3.

206 The Clongownian, Vol. II. pp. 11-2; Gwynn. The O'Gorman Mahon, pp. 36-7.

207 Sheedy. The Clare Elections, 128.

208 McMahon. George Warburton, p. 30.

209 C. J. 6 March 1820.

210 C. J. 10 July 1820.

211 C. J. 11 December 1820.

212 C. J. 22 January 1820; C. J. 9 August 1820.

213 C. J. 18 October 1820.

214 C. J. 28 January 1822.

215 C. J. 11 March 1820; MacDonagh. The Hereditary Bondsman, p. 315.

216 C. J. 1 April 1822; 15 July 1822.

217 Burtchaell and Sadlier. Alumuni Dublinensis, p. 548.

218 Codicil to the will of Patrick Mahon, 1819, (National Archives, Siles-Kelly Abstracts, 490).

219 Dublin Evening Post 11 June 1836.

220 Encumbered Estate Papers. Sale of the Estate of James Patrick O'Gorman Mahon. 30 Nov 1854; Richard Griffith. General Valuation of Rateable Property in Ireland (Dublin, 1855), Union of Kilrush, Parish of Kilmurry, pp. 48 and 61; Rental of Killard and Strasburgh circa 1824 (University of Chicago Special Collections, O'Gorman Mahon Papers), Folder 1.

221 Limerick Chronicle 25 January 1828; Sheedy. The Clare Elections, p. 130.

222 Sheedy. The Clare Elections, p. 133.

223 S. J. Connolly. 'Mass politics and sectarian conflict, 1823-30' in Vaughan. A New History of Ireland, (hereafter Connolly, 'Mass politics'). Vol. V, p. 84.

224 Limerick Chronicle 17 May 1823.

225 ibid.; O'Ferrall, Fergus. Catholic Emancipation, Daniel O'Connell and the Birth of Irish Democracy 1820-30 (Dublin, 1985), (hereafter O'Ferrall, Emancipation) p. 37.

226 Gwynn. The O'Gorman Mahon, p. 37.

227 Connolly, 'Mass politics', p. 84.

228 Gwynn. The O'Gorman Mahon, p. 37.

229 Freeman's Journal 1 December 1823.

230 Limerick Chronicle 24 July 1824.

231 Frost. The History County Clare, p. 619.

232 Billy O'Shea. 'The O'Gorman Mahon and the Clare Election of 1828' in Clare No.1 (no date) , p. 5 ; C. J. 27 September 1830; Henry Boylan. A Dictionary of Irish Biography (Dublin, 1978), p.238.

233 C. J. 18 June 1891.

234 ibid.

235 Michael Barry. An Affair of Honour (Cork, 1981), p. 4.

236 Walsh, John Edward. Ireland One Hundred and Twenty Years Ago, being a revised edition of Ireland Sixty Years Ago (Dublin, 1911), pp. 21-2.

237 Barry. An Affair of Honour, p. 5.

238 See Chapter 2 , p.7.

239 ibid. p. 252; Barry. An Affair of Honour, p. 19.

240 MacDonagh. The Hereditary Bondsman, p. 137.

241 The Catholic Times 31 January 1880.

242 The Clongownian, Vol. II. p. 12.

243 White, Patrick. History of the Dalcassian Clans of Tipperary, Limerick, and Galway (Reprinted Cork, 1973), p. 335.

244 ibid. p. 336.

245 Milliken to Mahon 16 June 1824 (University of Chicago Special Collections, O'Gorman Mahon Papers), Folder 1; http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~alanmilliken/regarde_bien/8.html
http://members.iinet.net.au/~nickred/lists/dublinvoters1820.htm

246 I used the prices to distinguish between books and pamphlets with books costing more than six shillings and pamphlets less than four shillings.

247 http://www.blupete.com/Literature/Biographies/Literary/Byron.htm

248 http://www.mainstream.com/nhpolitics/mcduffy.shtml
http://www.infography.com/content/226088492770.html

249 MacDonagh. The Hereditary Bondsman, p. 319; O'Ferrall. Emancipation, p.42.

250 http://www.oup.co.uk/isbn/0-19-283715-X

251 Flanigan, Thomas. 'Literature in English, 1801-91' in Vaughan, W. E. A New History of Ireland (Oxford, 1989), (hereafter Flanigan. 'Literature'). Vol. V. pp.486-7

252 ibid.; O'Ferrall. Emancipation, pp. 79-80.

253 Flanigan. 'Literature', pp.486-7; http://921911encyclopedia.org/M/MO/MOORE_THOMAS.htm

254 http://www.isbn.pl/2992-11-Field-Sports.html

255 James O'Gorman. The Practice of Angling (Dublin, 1845), Reprinted by Bath Press Ltd., Bath, 1993.

256 http://www.ancre.fr/manuel02-e.htm

257 Jorgen Jorgensen. Travels through France and Germany in the years 1815, 1816 and 1817(London, 1817); http://slektsforskning.com/login/person/anetre/tekst/Mystic_mutiny.htm

258 Milliken to Mahon 16 June 1824 (University of Chicago Special Collections, O'Gorman Mahon Papers), Folder 1.

259 Marie-Louise Legg. 'The Kilkenny Circulating-Library Society and the growth of reading in nineteenth-century Ireland' in Bernadette Cunningham and Marie Kennedy. (eds.) The experience of reading: Irish historical perspectives (Dublin, 1999), p.109. There were two bookshops in Ennis in 1824 but it is unclear what sort of a range of books they carried. Pigot and Co.'s City of Dublin and Hibernian Provincial Directory (London, 1824), p. 267.

260 O'Ferrall, Emancipation, p. 56.

261 The Connaught Journal 8 April 1824; Murphy. The Diocese of Killaloe, p. 70.

262 The Limerick Chronicle 21 August 1824.

263 ibid.

264 MacDonagh. The Hereditary Bondsman, p. 212.

265 O'Ferrall, Emancipation, pp. 81-2.

266 MacDonagh. The Hereditary Bondsman,, pp. 214-5.

267 E. Ch. 16 February 1825.

268 MacDonagh. The Hereditary Bondsman, p. 215; Dwyer to O'Gorman 22 February 1825 (National Library of Ireland. MacGorman Papers Ms 2709) Folio No. 132; E. Ch.. 23 March 1825.

269 O'Ferrall, Emancipation, pp.105-6.

270 Richard Lalor Sheil. Sketches Legal and Political (London, 1855), Vol.1. pp.120 and 207.

271 E. Ch. 20 April 1825.

272 E. Ch. 21 June 1828; Sheedy. The Clare Elections, p. 143.

273 E. Ch. 12 January 1825; Register of Lodge No. 60 (Masonic Archives); Minutes of Lodge No.60, 29 June 1825 (Masonic Archives. Ms. in Folder 1).

274 Sean Spellissy. The Ennis Compendium (Ennis, 1998), pp. 19-28.

275 E. Ch. 20 April 1825.

276 D. E. P. 30 July 1825.

277 E. Ch. 13 July 1825; MacDonagh. The Hereditary Bondsman, p.311.

278 D. E. P. 2 August 1825.

279 D. E. P. 27 October 1825.

280 E. Ch. 20 April 1825.

281 D. E. P. 3 December 1825; D. E. P. 6 December 1825; E. Ch. 7 December 1825. Further research is necessary to ascertain the cause of this argument.

282 Sheedy. The Clare Elections, p. 135; The Limerick Evening Post 17 January 1826; O'Ferrall. Emancipation, p.120.

283 MacDonagh. The Hereditary Bondsman, p.223.

284 Sheedy. The Clare Elections, pp. 135-6; D. E. P. 22 June 1826.

285 Sheedy. The Clare Elections, pp. 137-8; D. E. P. 29 June 1826.

286 D. E. P. 29 June 1826.

287 Hoppen. Ireland since 1800, p.17; MacDonagh. The Hereditary Bondsman, pp. 224-5.

288 D. E. P. 15 July 1826; D. E. P. 18 July 1826; Sheedy. The Clare Elections, p.139. It is unclear whether Mahon received this injury as a spectator or as a jockey. Although a competent horseman there is no evidence to suggest he ever rode competitively.

289 D. E. P. 5 September 1826.

290 Murphy. The Diocese of Killaloe, p.46; McMahon. Agrarian Conflict in Clare, p.52.

291 The Limerick Chronicle 12 August 1826.

292 D. E. P. 15 August 1826.

293 D. E. P. 24 August 1826.

294 Murphy. The Diocese of Killaloe, p.72.

295 D. E. P. 19 Oct 1826; D. E. P. 27 Oct 1825.

296 E. Ch. 24 February 1827.

297 E. Ch. 14 March 1827; D. E. P. 17 March 1827; O'Connell to O'Connell, 11 March 1827 in Maurice O'Connell. (ed.) The O'Connell Correspondence 1824-1828 (Shannon, 1972), Vol. III. pp. 299-30; Sheedy. Clare Elections, p.139. C. J. 27 October 1836.

298 D. E. P. 17 March 1827; Sheedy. Clare Elections, pp.139-40.

299 Kieran Sheedy. The Horse in County Clare (Dublin, 2001), Vol.1. pp. 31-2; E. Ch. 18 July 1827.

300 E. Ch. 8 August 1827.

301 E. Ch. 1 September 1827.

302 D. E. P. 6 November 1827.

303 E. Ch. 13 January 1827.

304 His three children from his first wife were Nicholas, Purcell and Susan. Burke. Landed Gentry, p.530. It is unclear where these children lived between the death of their mother and the remarriage of their father.

305 E. Ch. 28 April 1827; E. Ch. 13 February 1828; E. Ch. 10 January 1829. Evidence suggests that it is Charles, his wife and sister Susanna listed as "Mr. And Mrs. Mahon and Miss Mahon, Newpark" when attending the Clare Foxhunting Club Grand Ball in Ennis in March 1828. C. J. 27 March 1828.

306 What appears to be a list of the Mahons residing at Newpark is printed in E. Ch. 10 January 1829 listing Charles's wife but none for William.

307 Richard's son Richard b.1820 - C. J. 21 March 1895; James's second son b. 1801 - The Freeman's Journal 28 April 1870; James's son Edward b.1807 - E. Ch. 1 January 1831.

308 Rev. James brought his brother-in-law to court looking for payment for her maintenance. The court suggested using the local parish priest for arbitration. She declined this offer, possibly believing that because she was living with her Protestant brother, she would not be treated fairly. The court then suggested using the Protestant rector and all parties agreed to this. E. Ch. 13 April 1825.

309 Murphy. The Diocese of Killaloe, p.74; MacDonagh. The Hereditary Bondsman, pp. 247; E. Ch. 19 January 1828.

310 E. Ch. 26 January 1828.

311 O'Ferrall. Emancipation, p.178.

312 Clare Sentinel 18 April 1828.

313 Kilkenny Independent 7 May 1828.

314 Murphy. The Diocese of Killaloe, p.75; Sheedy, Clare Elections, p.142.

315 E. Ch. 21 June 1828.

316 Sheil. Sketches, Vol.1. pp.120 and 207; Sheedy, Clare Elections, p.143.

317 E. Ch. 21 June 1828.

318 E. Ch. 25 June 1828; Bernard Burke. Irish Family Records (London, 1972), p.427.

319 MacDonagh. The Hereditary Bondsman, p.249.

320 O'Ferrall. Emancipation, p.190; Sheedy, Clare Elections, p.144.

321 C. J. 18 June 1891.

322 O'Ferrall. Emancipation, p.190.

323 White. History of Clare, p. 337.

324 E. Ch. 28 June 1828.

325 E. Ch. 25 June 1828. It is possible that this argument caused a rift in the family. James O'Gorman's wife and family are not mentioned in any of the O'Gorman family trees. The only other reason uncovered might be because James O'Gorman and his daughter converted in 1852. It is also interesting to note that O'Gorman Mahon lost contact with his other Protestant relatives - his uncle Rev. James's family. Limerick and Clare Examiner 23 June 1852; Mac Gorman Papers f.170; C. J. 4 May 1848.

326 Sheil. Sketches, p.275.

327 ibid. pp. 284-5.

328 E. Ch. 5 July 1828.

329 Sheil. Sketches, pp. 287.

330 O'Ferrall. Emancipation, p.194.

331 Sheedy, Clare Elections, p.151.